Energy

Advisable to install a photovoltaic system? A quick guide with concrete examples and economic evaluations updated whit the Fifth Energy Bill

As it makes a photovoltaic system? This is one of the biggest questions that those who decide to install a photovoltaic system arises. No doubts about the sustainability of photovoltaic or on the many critical issues related to the installation of larger plants on land (which, we like to remember, we are strongly opposed) ... it makes, we want to know. In this article we try to give an answer for a moment of the classic depends more elaborate with which they are generally paid that kind of talk.

On 12 July 2012 the roof was reached 6 billion, which marks the end of the Fourth Energy Account and the beginning of the new incentive system. In compliance with the technical times, the starting date of the new incentive system called Fifth Energy Bill has been scheduled for 27 August 2012.

Shale gas: what it is, how it is extracted, what are the advantages and problems

The rapid rise of shale gas as an alternative source of energy - widely debated by experts in the last decade - is gradually becoming the subject of public discussion, especially in our continent. A recent report by the Economist explains why shale gas (known internationally as shale gas) receives much attention from policy makers, investors and the general public. While leaving the technical contributions are particularly novel, the special offers us an effective summary of the latest developments in the commercialization of this fossil fuel, then offering an overview on the current juncture with openings on future scenarios. It is therefore a good starting point for those who want to be initiated at a non-conventional source which, according to many observers, is likely to establish itself as a game-changer in the international energy scene.

Voltura gas: what it is, as required, new gas supply contract

The perfecting of the gas is a practice by which a user takes over a contract for the supply of gas headed to another person. It 'a customary procedure when a user purchases a building already equipped with counter gas supply and service contract with a company for assistance. The turner can also be requested by the same user when you want to change the type of service, such as when we must move from a supply for domestic use (cooking and hot water) to a provision for mixed use (cooking, hot water production and warming).

Request for perfecting the gas

Application procedures perfecting the gas vary from company to company (ENEL, ENI, etc..). In general, the perfecting requires filling out a form to deliver or send to the offices of the company gas supplier. In the form, you must indicate their personal data, the serial number of the gas meter, the numbering of the counter, their billing and payment (postal order, crediting the bank account, etc..), Social security number or the VAT number, the address to which to send communications, bill and invoice, a copy of the identity document.

Classification and cost of photovoltaic systems: non-integrated system, integrated systems, partially integrated system

The non-integrated photovoltaic systems are so-called because in fact they do not integrate harmoniously with the structures or surfaces that host them. These systems generally made on the ground or even on the structural parts of buildings such as terraces, strata, shelters and / or elements of street furniture.

The solar panels are installed in a non-coplanar surfaces on which they are attached. Generally have a greater impact from the aesthetic point of view and therefore are not pleasing to the eye. For this type of installation, the tariffs are lower than the types integrated or partially integrated.

Solar thermal systems: what they are and how they work? Guide to the technical characteristics, operating principles, components and costs

Solar thermal energy is a technology used for a long time (since the early 800's) for the production of hot water. Solar thermal energy is the ideal resource to reduce the consumption of conventional energy through the use of an inexhaustible source: the sun.

The device base: "solar collector" is constituted by a black body absorbing within which a fluid can flow (with the function of capturing the energy radiated by the sun through the dark surface and transfer it in the form of thermal energy to the fluid) and a selective transparent cover on the part exposed to the sun (with the function of limiting losses by radiation towards the external environment), all enclosed in a container suitably isolated on the side walls and on the wall opposite to the reception of the radiation.

Guide to the components of solar systems: solar panels, mechanical and electrical failures, shadow effect, lightning protection, photovoltaic inverter

The typical faults of solar panels have essentially mechanical and electrical nature. The solar cells are subject to a short-circuit failure or interruption, making the panel unusable for the production of electricity. In case of short circuit of the photovoltaic cell, the output voltage of the solar panel drops to about 0.5 volts becoming unusable. If the panel is connected in series with the load it is possible that still allows its use. In case of interruption of the connections panel becomes completely out of order. The interruption in a photovoltaic cell can be caused by external ruptures caused by foreign objects fallen on the panel or even the obscuration caused by the accumulation of leaves.

One of the main problems that can occur after the installation of solar panels is to water seepage. The infiltration clearly can damage the solar cells and even cause a short circuit. To overcome the problem of infiltration is necessary to pay great attention to the mounting brackets of the panel. Normally solar panels are anchored above the tiles using the appropriate brackets that can be affixed to balance the roof protecting it from dangerous inclinations which may facilitate the penetration of rainwater.

Overview of energy-efficient lighting technologies: compact fluorescent lamps, halogen lamps, sodium vapor lamps, LED lamps, fluorescent lamps, tubes

Following an analysis of the characteristics of new types of light bulbs with the criteria to optimize savings and emissions.

Let's first two short considerations:

 Home lighting has a significant weight on energy consumption: the annual share of electricity consumed in Italy is higher than 7 billion kilowatt-hours, corresponding to around 13% of the total consumption of electricity in the domestic sector and 80% lighting is outdated and inefficient.

What the news of 2012 Thermal Account? New incentives for energy efficiency and for renewable heat

Recently, with the decree signed on 28/12/2012 (Account thermal) jointly by the Ministries of Economic Development, Environment and Agriculture, was introduced a radical change in fostering solutions adapted to the thermal energy saving in all its forms.

Until now, while the production of photovoltaic electricity enjoyed bodied contributions (Conto Energia), the production or thermal energy saving were using only 55% of the reimbursement of expenses incurred; however, this was done in a manner that does not make it particularly attractive the use of this form of incentive: repayment in fact was in the form of an income tax deduction for deferred over a more extended period (10 years).

Guide to the PV modules: crystalline modules, thin-film modules, certification, performance, efficiency and durability

The photovoltaic cell is the basic element in the construction of a photovoltaic module, but it can also be used individually in specific uses.

The most common version of the photovoltaic cell, that in the crystalline material, is constituted by a lamina of semiconductor material, the most widespread of which is silicon, and typically occurs in black or blue and varying in size from 4 to 6 inches .

Small specimens of photovoltaic cells in the amorphous material are able to feed autonomously consumer electronic devices, such as calculators, watches and the like.

Installation of photovoltaic panels on the roofs allows a reduction in cooling costs by 5%

The photovoltaic panels installed on the roof of the house help to reduce the cost of air conditioning in summer but do not affect the heating in winter. The shading reduces by 38% the amount of heat that reaches the roof and a ceiling below a roof with panels remains cooler to 2.5 degrees Fahrenheit compared to a ceiling under a roof directly exposed to the sun.

The cooling effect, calculated throughout the life cycle of the panel, contributes to amortize the price of a good 5%, because it allows to save energy, that instead of being used on site can then be sold to the grid.

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